Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)
What is PQQ?
Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is a compound analogous to vitamins that is inherently found in soil and a plethora of foods, such as spinach, kiwi, soybeans, and notably, human breastmilk (1). While PQQ supplements are often touted to amplify energy levels, sharpen mental clarity, and augment longevity, empirical evidence affirming these claims remains sparse (1).
Uses and Benefits
- Antioxidant: PQQ is venerated for its pronounced antioxidant attributes (1,5). It is adept at quelling oxidants and reconverting them into their active states (3).
- Mitochondrial function: Central to mitochondrial fidelity and fostering the genesis of novel mitochondria, the precise workings of PQQ in these domains remain enigmatic (1,3,5). Its role in galvanizing the proliferation of new cellular mitochondria and boosting their operational efficiency is observed (2,5).
- Other conditions: Potential therapeutic applications of PQQ span diabetes, cancer, osteoarthritis, and sleep enhancement (4). Nevertheless, scientific validation for these purported benefits is limited (4).
Dosage
The standardized dose for PQQ is yet to be ascertained. In scientific investigations, dosages oscillating between 20-40 mg daily have been employed (2). It is prudent to adhere to guidelines provided on the supplement label or seek insights from a healthcare expert for tailored recommendations.
Side Effects
Dietary supplementation with PQQ is predominantly deemed benign (1). A minority of individuals might, however, manifest benign side effects such as vertigo, gastrointestinal disturbances, cephalgia, and oral ulcers (1).
Interactions
Current knowledge about PQQ's interactions with diverse medications or supplements is rudimentary. Engaging with a healthcare specialist before amalgamating PQQ with other drugs or supplements is advisable.
Time of Day and With or Without Food
No particular segment of the day is explicitly advocated for PQQ consumption (1). PQQ supplements, generally available in capsule or soft gel formats, can be ingested irrespective of meals (1,5).
Human Studies
Despite the extensive claims surrounding PQQ supplements β such as bolstered energy, mental acuity, and life expectancy β empirical support is limited (1). Demonstrable benefits of PQQ encompass its antioxidant prowess and its role in ensuring mitochondrial health and inducing the formation of new cellular mitochondria. Comprehensive research endeavors are requisite to conclusively determine the safety and efficacy profiles of PQQ for myriad conditions.
In summation, PQQ is a natural compound, reminiscent of vitamins, predominantly found in soil and various edibles. The claims surrounding PQQ supplements, encompassing enhanced vigor, cognitive sharpness, and prolonged lifespan, warrant further empirical scrutiny. PQQ's established roles lie in its antioxidant capabilities and mitochondrial fortification. Adhering to specified dosages and seeking expert advice for its consumption is recommended. While PQQ supplementation is predominantly deemed safe, a comprehensive understanding of its interactions, optimal consumption time, and food pairing is still evolving.
Citations:
(1) https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/pqq-supplement
(2) https://www.lifeextension.com/vitamins-supplements/item01647/pqq-caps
(3) https://examine.com/supplements/pqq/
(4) https://www.amazon.com/PQQ-Supplement-Pyrroloquinoline-Mitochondria-Supplements/dp/B082MSM12H
(5) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34680074/
(6) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8533503/