Metformin
What is Metformin?
Metformin is an oral medication prescribed to treat elevated blood sugar levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes, a condition characterized by the body's inability to adequately use or produce insulin (4). It isn't suitable for those with insulin-dependent or type 1 diabetes, who need insulin injections to regulate their blood glucose levels (4). Metformin can only be obtained through a doctor's prescription and is available in various dosage forms (4).
Dosage
The required dosage of metformin is contingent upon the individual's medical condition and response to treatment. Adhering to the doctor-recommended meal plan is crucial for optimal blood sugar control (4). The typical maximum daily dose of metformin for adults ranges between 2,500 to 2,550 mg (4).
Side Effects
Frequent side effects of metformin encompass diarrhea, nausea, stomach pain, and vomiting (4). There's also the possibility of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), especially when combined with certain other medications (5). Should hypoglycemia arise, doctors usually provide guidelines on its management (5).
Interactions
There are several known interactions with metformin:
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Alcohol: Consuming alcohol while on metformin may heighten the risk of lactic acidosis, a condition that can be life-threatening (4).
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Contrast dye: If undergoing a procedure that necessitates the use of a contrast dye, such as a CT scan or angiogram, it's vital to notify the healthcare provider. There might be a need to pause metformin usage temporarily (4).
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Sulfonylureas: The concurrent use of metformin and sulfonylureas, a type of oral antidiabetic drug, can amplify the risk of hypoglycemia (5).
Human Studies
Numerous human studies have confirmed metformin as a primary treatment for type 2 diabetes (1). Its effectiveness in reducing blood sugar levels and enhancing insulin sensitivity is well-documented (1). However, further studies are warranted to fully discern its range of potential benefits and side effects.
Citations:
[1] https://dmsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13098-019-0431-0
[2] https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/metformin-oral-route/proper-use/drg-20067074
[3] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9188603/
[4] https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/metformin-oral-route/proper-use/drg-20067074?p=1
[5] https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/metformin-oral-route/side-effects/drg-20067074?p=1
[6] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5664031/