Vitamin B3 (Niacin vs Nicotinamide vs Nicotinamide Riboside)

The Blog post on Tru Niagen's website explains the differences between various forms of Vitamin B3: Niacin, Nicotinamide, and Nicotinamide Riboside, along with their effects, benefits, and potential side effects. Here's a breakdown of the information from multiple sources including the provided link, Decode Age, PubMed, and others:

Summary

1. Niacin (Nicotinic Acid):

   • Definition: Niacin, also referred to as nicotinic acid, is the classic form of Vitamin B3. It's an essential nutrient known for its role in converting food into energy and supporting various cellular processes, including the formation of NAD (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) and NADP (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate), which are crucial coenzymes involved in cellular metabolism, energy production, and DNA repair.
   • Benefits:
     • Cholesterol Management: Niacin can improve cholesterol levels by increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and lowering low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglycerides.
     • Cardiovascular Health: By positively impacting cholesterol levels, niacin contributes to overall heart health.
     • Brain Function: Adequate intake of niacin is essential for maintaining proper brain function and cognitive health. Niacin deficiency has been linked to cognitive impairment and an increased risk of neurodegenerative disorders.
   • Side Effects: The most common side effect of niacin is the "niacin flush," a temporary reddening and warming of the skin due to capillary dilation, especially at higher doses.

2. Nicotinamide (Niacinamide):

   • Definition: Nicotinamide, also known as niacinamide, is the amide form of niacin. It's an essential nutrient that plays a crucial role in converting food into energy and supporting various enzymatic reactions in the body.
   • Benefits:
     • Skin Health: Renowned for its benefits in maintaining healthy skin, nicotinamide has anti-inflammatory properties that can help manage conditions like acne, eczema, and rosacea.
     • Cellular Protection: Acts as an antioxidant, helping to neutralize harmful free radicals that can damage cells and DNA.
     • Gut Health: Supports the integrity of the gastrointestinal tract's lining, crucial for preventing Leaky Gut Syndrome and other digestive issues.
   • Side Effects: High doses might cause gastrointestinal symptoms and potentially increase the risk of type II diabetes. Unlike niacin, nicotinamide does not cause "niacin flush".

3. Nicotinamide Riboside (NR):

   • Definition: Nicotinamide Riboside (NR) is a newer form of Vitamin B3, which is converted in the body to NAD+, a coenzyme crucial for various cellular processes, including energy metabolism and DNA repair.
   • Benefits:
     • Mitochondrial Function: By supporting NAD+ levels, NR could enhance mitochondrial function and overall cellular energy production.
     • Anti-Aging Effects: Some research suggests that NR supplementation might have anti-aging effects due to its role in DNA repair and maintenance.
     • Metabolic Health: The impact on NAD+ levels could also influence metabolic health, potentially benefiting individuals with type 2 diabetes or metabolic syndrome.
   • Side Effects: NR appears to be well-tolerated, but research is ongoing to understand its long-term effects.

Comparative Table:

This table provides a comparative analysis of Niacin, Nicotinamide, and Nicotinamide Riboside based on various features and aspects, summarizing their roles, benefits, and potential side effects.

Source

https://www.truniagen.com/blog/nr-vs-others/vitamin-b3s-niacin-vs-nicotinamide-vs-nicotinamide-riboside/